Comparing Araby and Lust Essays - 782 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Joyce’s Araby begins as a story about a young boy and his first love, his neighbor referred to in the story as Mangans sister. However, the young boy soon turns his innocent love and curiosity into a much more intense desire, transforming this female and his journey to the bazaar into something much more intense and lustful. From the beginning, Joyce paints a picture of the neighborhood in which the boy lives as very dark and cold. Even the rooms within his house are described as unfriendly, quot;Air, musty from having long been enclosed, hung in all the rooms, and the waste room behind the kitchen was littered with old and useless papers.† The young boy sees all of this unpleasant setting around him, and†¦show more content†¦Attending the bazaar and getting her a gift is simply an extension of his obsession and desire for this girl. Now, he has something specific to focus on and look to in their relationship. Immediately after he tells her how he will buy her a gift, his thoughts turn to â€Å"What innumerable follies laid waste my waking and sleeping thoughts after the evening! I wished to annihilate the tedious intervening days. I chafed against work of school.† Again, the boy has no focus or use for anything else going on in his life other than being involved with his love. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In comparing this to Susan Minot’s Lust, we see many similarities in that both main characters of the stories have desire and intense wanting, but they are different in form. Minot uses many small, short encounters and stories to portray the main character’s life and emotions. Similar to Araby, the settings and atmosphere in which the young girl’s life takes place is very negative and unfriendly. Just from the first paragraph describing one of her boys, â€Å"In his illegal car we drove to the reservoir, radio blaring, talking fast, fast, fast. He got kicked out sophomore year,† we see that the people she is associating with and the settings are not very positive. Similar Mangan’s sister in Araby, the only positive light and desire the main character has are interactions with boys and boyfriends, but all seem to only last for a very brief time. The girl’s desire is more mature and sexuallyShow MoreRelatedCompare / Con trast Araby Lust805 Words   |  4 PagesJoyces Araby begins as a story about a young boy and his first love, his neighbor referred to in the story as Mangans sister. However, the young boy soon turns his innocent love and curiosity into a much more intense desire, transforming this female and his journey to the bazaar into something much more intense and lustful. From the beginning, Joyce paints a picture of the neighborhood in which the boy lives as very dark and cold. Even the rooms within his house are described as unfriendly, AirRead MoreA P And Araby By James Joyce1200 Words   |  5 Pages AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce are two short stories that have multiple differences and similarities. AP is about a teenager and his lust for young ladies and Araby is about a young boy who had a crush on a older girl. I will be comparing and contrasting the portrayal of women, love and epiphany in the two short stories AP and Araby. I believe women are portrayed negatively in AP. I have came to this conclusion because I believe Sammy treats the â€Å"Queenie† positively but treatsRead MoreComparing Adolescence And Maturity During The Short Stories Sucker And Araby 2084 Words   |  9 PagesComparing Adolescence and Maturity in the Short Stories â€Å"Sucker† and â€Å"Araby† Adolescence emanates from the Latin verb adolescere which means to grow into maturity. In other words, it is the period in which an individual must establish a sense of personal identity. In the Carson McCullers’s story â€Å"Sucker† two young characters struggle with their transition to adulthood. The narrator Pete, is 16, and the older of the two boys by about three years. The stories action covers an extended flashback in

The State Of Wyoming Permits - 1420 Words

The state of Wyoming permits the first law in the country granting women over the age 21 the right to vote. Subsequently assembly the Union in 1890s, it turns into the first state to permit women the right to vote in elections, though in 1887, Kansas permitted women to vote in elections. The colonies embrace the English system of property ownership for married women, implication women cannot own assets in their own name or keep a type of profit. By early 1900s, all states will have accepted legislation sculpted after New York’s Married Women’s Property Act (1848), which grants married women the right to keep their own earnings and to own land in their own term. First Women’s Rights Convention was held in 1848. Approximately 300 activists†¦show more content†¦Variances over the 13-15th Amendments and the connection between women’s suffrage and the measure for racial equality split the women’s rights movement between two organizations: The Na tional Woman Suffrage Association and The American Woman Suffrage Association. The adversaries will unite in 1890 to system the National American Women’s Suffrage Association. Women from both parties knew that in order to stay strong and win rights, is to combine and hold hands with each other the whole process without fighting. The Territory of Wyoming passes the first law in the country granting women over age 21 the right to vote. Later joining the Union in 1890, Wyoming becomes the first state to let women the right to vote in all polls, yet in 1887, Kansas let women to vote in municipal elections. Women knew every step to success in their goals is to have a domino effect. One state will start off and every other state will end up granting equal rights to both genders, therefore more support from more women from different states means support overall. A federal law that let female federal workers equal pay and equal work is passed. Even though it was passed, it was leaving out majority of female workers who work for private corporations and or state and local governments until the adoption of the Equal Pay Act in 1963. Many holes where made and sealed but in

Art Appreciation free essay sample

Empire Roman Art is a representational of their civilization, sophistication in sculpting, and of their very famous empire and their emperors. Although the Romans improved sculpting many of their ideas came from the earlier Greek civilization that perfected the human anatomy. Romans used the foundation the Greeks had accomplished years before to improve sculpting and use it as a way to pay tribute to their emperors. Roman art is categorized according to their span of governments over time. In the early period of Roman art the republic to the empire period their art improves in portraying realistic people and celebrating individualism. During the Republic period of the Roman Empire the Romans incorporated very realistic sculptures of people such as the carving of the Roman Patrician where you can see very detailed sculpting of the three men and each have individual features unlike the Greeks who would compress the best features into their sculptures. We will write a custom essay sample on Art Appreciation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Romans would also carve in marble unlike the Greek who would arve in stone and because of that Roman sculptures are better intact than Greek sculptures. During the Empire period they would sculpt public buildings for people and they would carve them with much detail but still with greek influence. In the Late empire during early christianity much of the art work was very emperor driven much was to the emperors request and it wasnt just sculptures any more they had more of a humanistic feel, the viewer could try to find the deeper meaning. The Art Institute of Chicago holds Roman art including paintings and sculptures. Romans would sculpt with a purpose or message such as warriors or heroic scenes. The most common scenes were those of modest and natural works that you would see happening in everyday Rome like that of The Roman Patrician with Busts of His Ancestor (c. 100 BC). Rome Republic Statue of a Seated Woman 2nd Century A. D. The Art Institute of Chicago You can tell the statue is Roman because it has greek influence in the carving of the body but it has a more realistic perspective because it is not perfect and greek statues always have movement. It also isplays the drapery very close to the body making it look like if it were moving. Overall it is a carving of what anyone person could be doing unlike the greeks that would carve their gods mostly. Roman Republic Portrait of Emperor Hadrian 2nd Century A. D. The Art Institute of Chicago The statue of the emperor can right away be recognized as roman because of such detail of the face. Romans were very interested in carving real people and in individualism. Also Romans would carve their emperors. There is very much detail in this carving from the life size face to the details such as the beard and the hair. You can even see some what of a very serious face on the statue a very real expression not smiling or frowning. Portrait sculptures were more commonly found and would be a tribute to any Roman but especially the emperors. Roman Republic Fragment of a Portrait Statue of an Emperor Late 150- early 2nd Century A. D. The Art Institute of Chicago Statues of the torso were not as commonly found as much as that of portrait sculptures. You can see the greek influence in the great detail to the anatomy of the body. You can tell the statue is Roman because of the drapery echnique that the Romans would use to make the illusion of movement. Also greek sculptures would not be this adorned with detail they were much more simple and in this particular sculpture there is much detail in the clothing and you can tell he is an emperor because of the style of the clothes, it has a very royal look to it. Roman Republic Statue of Aphrodite of Knidos 2nd Century A. D. The Art Institute of Chicago The statu e is very greek in the sense that it depicts the human anatomy very well. It is also not adorned with detail in which the Romans most often did. This draws to the conclusion that this is a Roman duplicate of a greek sculpture of Aphrodite. The Romans duplicated much of the greeks work and because of that today we know of so much of the greek works and because it was carved out of marble instead of stone it was much durable over time unlike the greek originals. Roman Republic Portrait Bust of a Women A. D. 140/50 The Art Institute of Chicago Again we see in another portrait sculpture in this on we can see the detail of the womans face. It is life size and very realistic looking. She looks like an everyday Roman women not royalty at all. We see again the technique of drapery close to the body. The detail in her hair is very beautiful and simple, you can see somewhat of a hair band of flowers. Her face has a very blank look not much emotion. Over the course in history the Roman Empire is widely known for its improvements in politics, art, and the diversity of Rome unlike any other civilization at their time. Much of Roman culture was adapted from the Greeks but the Romans just improved their technique and they also acquired new forms of art. The Romans were far more realistic than the Greek. In the later years of the Roman Empire they began to sculpt public buildings and different architecture. There architecture was very much like their statue very life like and with great detail still keeping the individualism of the people. Most architectures were made for their emperors or for important people. The Ara Pacis Augustae was made for king Augustaus and in the very architecture you see carved in the interest of the king such as children and family but also telling a narrative story. The Romans were a fascinating culture that took the prior knowledge of others and made it their own with their own perspective.  In their art you can see how important society was to them and how they worshiped their emperors.

Results and conclusion for aspirin synthesis free essay sample

After recrystallisation differences between the crude and purified aspirin were noted. The impure (crude) aspirin was powered and fluffy with small clumps and was slightly yellow in colour whereas the pure aspirin has a less fluffy crystalline powder and was whiter. This showed distinct differences in the two substances but similarities were also apparent showing aspirin, in some level, was created. Before recrystallisation the crude aspirin could of included impurities such as: Acetic acid (a product of the reaction process). Recrystallisation helps to eliminate impurities; the precipitation process eradicates soluble impurities as aspirin has a higher precipitation temperature so converts to a solid while other impure components are left as soluble in the solution. The yield is calculated to look at how well the reaction has been completed. This reaction is simplified to: C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 C9H8O4 + C2H4O2 To work out the yield; 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Results and conclusion for aspirin synthesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 917g of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (0. 917/138) * 180 138 (the molar mass of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) 180 (the molar mass of aspirin) Theoretical yield: 1. 196g 3 d. p. Percentage yield is worked out by Actual yield of synthesised aspirin: 0. 347g 0. 347/1. 196 * 100= 29 Percentage yield: 29% Melting Points CompoundBegan Melting ( °C)Totally Melted ( °C)Range ( °C) Pure Aspirin1361-2 Crude Aspirin1251305 Product from Willow Bark1201255 The documented melting point for pure aspirin is 136 °C. An impure compound will exhibit a lower melting point than this, which is what was observed in both the willow bark product and the crude aspirin. Pure aspirin has a narrow temperature range during which it changes from a solid to a liquid; this range is less than 2 °C. The sharpness of the melting point is useful to measure purity using pure aspirin as a comparison. As both types of aspirin melted over a temperature range of 5 °C it’s indicative that both substances have many impurities. The range of melting points for the crude aspirin and product of willow bark in comparison to the pure aspirin is obvious and can show the level and amount of impurity in both compounds. Chromatography Different constituents of each mixture travel at different speeds along the paper causing the components to separate. Above is a picture of the chromatography, comparing phenol (P), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), pure aspirin (A), crude aspirin (I) and product from willow bark (W). Only two of the spots have been circled here, more were seen after this picture was taken but an image of the final separation was not photographed only observations were made (see table). CompoundRf value (numbered for multiple spots per compound) Phenol control4/6 = 0. 6 2-hydroxybenzoic acid4. 4/6 = 0. 73’ Pure aspirin5. 7-6 = 0. 95 Crude aspirin 0.5/6 = 0. 083’ Product from willow bark1. 1. 2/6= 0. 20 2. 2. 6/6 = 0. 43’ 3. 1-6 = 0. 16’ Rf = Retardation factor. The documented Rf for pure aspirin is 0. 56; however this experiment shows pure aspirin to be 0. 95, therefore for the purpose of comparison the documented value shall be used. This could be due to contamination, incorrect processes in the procedure, the amount of solution used or the temperature of the solution, although some of these factors are difficult to keep constant in the environment. The Phenol compound was used as a comparison. The result shows phenol is lighter than pure aspirin as it doesn’t contain as many atoms in its structure, with a molecular mass of 94. 11 g/mol. See Fig 1. 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the main metabolite of aspirin, shows it is also molecularly lighter (in that it is moved further up the paper when soluble) than crude aspirin or pure aspirin. We would expect to see this because crude aspirin consists of the mass of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and other compounds giving a total mass of 138. 12 (g mol-1). The pure aspirin shows only one spot on the paper, this is because it consists of only one compound, that being 2-acetoxybenzoic acid (aspirin). Pure aspirin has a molecular mass of 180. 157 (g/mol). The synthesised crude aspirin also shows only one spot but this is very far away from the pure aspirin Rf, although it could consist of multiple components close in mass so they merge into one spot. This clearly qualitatively shows the level of impurity as it is much heavier showing it contains other compounds weighing it down, which it should not have if synthesised meticulously. The willow bark product produced 3 spots on the paper which indicates it has multiple constituents all heavier than pure aspirin therefore is impure. This was expected because of the source, although the TLC (thin layer chromatography) paper could have been accidently splashed with an organic compound during the experimentation process and thus distorting the results by showing extra spots, this is unlikely as it’s expected that the willow bark product will be heavily impure. The paper also shows an elongated spot which is due to the solution being too concentrated. Fig 1. Aspirin StructurePhenol Structure 2- Hydroxybenzoic Willow Bark Synthesis Acid structure Chemical tests 1. Reaction with sodium carbonate CompoundObservations Phenol 2-hydoxybenzoic acidBubbled, clumped and floated to the surface of solution Crude aspirin Pure aspirin- Product from willow bark Phenol served as a comparison for the sodium carbonate to show it didn’t produce a reaction when it shouldn’t have. An above observation was made when sodium carbonate reacted with 2-hydroxybenzoic acid which was expected due to CO2 being released when an acid and a carbonate combine, below shows the reaction that took place. C7H6O3 + Na2CO3 NaC7H5O3 + H2O + CO2 No reactions were observed for the crude or pure aspirin which revealed the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid had formed a new product during synthesis which has no reaction with sodium carbonate. This was the outcome required and was achieved based on this test. The product derived from willow bark also showed no reaction as it had no component within it that reacted with sodium carbonate, no acid group within this natural product. 2. Reaction with Fe3+ CompoundColour with Fe3+ PhenolIntensely Purple 2-hydroxybenzoic acidPurple and frothy Crude AspirinPale purple, almost translucent Pure AspirinLight brown Product from Willow BarkBlack A solution presenting purple when mixed with an iron group shows the presence of a Phenol group. All mixtures, apart from the pure aspirin, exhibited this although all varied in colour intensity. Aspirin doesn’t have a Phenol group as can be seen from the lack of purple in the solution so this can be used as a control along with the phenol solution itself. From this test it can be seen, to what degree each compound has a phenol impurity. The solution containing the crude aspirin only changed to a slight translucent purple indicating a low level of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (as can be seen this compound reacts strongly to the addition of Fe) and so the crude aspirin has impurities but only to a certain degree. The pure aspirin shows how a  compound with less impurities shouldn’t contain phenol and how this reacts in the solution and what colour should appear, colours away from this contain impurities. The willow bark product displayed an intense black colour, possibly so purple it looked black, so far away from the pure aspirin colour that contaminations are certain. Evaluation All procedures and processes of each stage of synthesis had variables that could result in an impure product. Although the recrystallisation stage, to remove impurities, was performed by an experienced laboratory staff member errors could still have occurred and these must be considered. Before the crude aspirin was recrystallised it may have contained various impurities that were not all eradicated by the precipitation process, these could include: contaminations in the air and C2H4O2 (a product of the original reaction), along with contaminations in the distilled water used, although this is better than using tap water. A high or even moderate yield was not achieved. This could be due to many factors; the experience of the chemists producing the aspirin having a poor laboratory technique, thus procedures were not carried out effectively and without error. Percentages of the substances could have been lost or misplaced during stages of the procedure. Other variables that could lead to the yield being less than 100% are: transfer of the product between containers, an incomplete reaction could have occurred, and is likely to have, where each compound does not fully react when it should due to factors beyond control, this will lower the products final mass. Recrystallisation also loses product and therefore yield as some product may still be left in the solution or on the filter paper. The aspirin may not have dried properly; making the mass higher therefore the purity would be lower. This factor could have distorted all results consequently when comparing, all would have the same distortion. The melting points may have inaccuracies as the temperature at which the willow bark melted was debated by the group. Lack of concentration and difficulty in determining when it had melted may have led to the product melting fully before it was observed and this would lead to a distortion of the results. It would be expected that the willow bark would melt at a higher temperature that the crude aspirin as it is known to have more impurities. Conclusion The overall objectives were to synthesise aspirin from 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and willow bark, and qualitatively determine the purity of each product, this was achieved as aspirin was produced from both the willow bark and the substances. The results from all tests do display that there were impurities, although they did not all show a consistent level of impurity. There was a noted difference, but not greatly so, in appearance between the crude and pure aspirin when tested with the Fe3+ solution. In contrast the TLC test exhibited a drastic comparable difference between the crude and pure aspirin. Possibly this was because the TLC did not use a subjective scale like the other tests, the quantitative measurability of the results allowed the outcome to be easily compared to the other products and against the pure aspirin. All tests showed a qualitative visual level of impurity in the results. Although this level varied and cannot be compared due to the difference in format of the results for each test, it can be seen, in general, that the crude aspirin contained more impurities than the pure aspirin and the willow bark product was the most impure of them all. This was expected. Although a ‘pure’ aspirin was synthesised from the crude, this is still an aspirin substance synthesised in a college laboratory by college students who are not skilled in laboratory practice and could have contaminated the experiment at various stages and not been astute enough to record and monitor reactions well. This could lead to the ‘pure’ aspirin only being a certain level of pure itself therefore any comparisons made against it are relative to that aspirin not the aspirin on the market/in stores. This can be seen in the chromatography test where documented aspirin has a retardation factor of 0. 56 but the synthesised pure aspirin is much lighter meaning it may not contain all the compounds found in correctly synthesised aspirin. To conclude if all variables and experimenter error was controlled a purer product would have been made and a higher yield would have been produced. Not all variables can be accounted for and therefore a 100% yield can never be achieved, even in a manufacturer setting.